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100 Examples of Masculine and Feminine Words: A List

    Cartoon children read 100 examples of masculine and feminine words on paired cards.

    100 examples of masculine and feminine words show how English pairs a male form with a female form, sometimes by adding an ending and sometimes by using a completely different word. Fifty pairs below give a hundred words, sorted by family, royalty, animals, jobs and everyday people.

    Masculine and Feminine Words at a Glance

    • A pair links a male form, such as king, with a female form, such as queen.
    • Some feminine forms add a suffix, as in actor to actress.
    • Others use a different word entirely, as in father to mother.
    • Many modern jobs now use one neutral word for everyone.
    • The commonest error is inventing a suffix such as firemaness.

    What Are Masculine and Feminine Words?

    A description of these pairs explains that English marks gender in a small set of nouns rather than across the whole language, and a note on gender in a sentence shows how the idea works in grammar. Understanding masculine in a sentence and feminine in a sentence helps a learner see the pair as two related labels rather than as separate words.

    Category Example pair How the pair is built
    Family father / mother A different word for each
    Royalty king / queen A different word for each
    Jobs actor / actress Feminine adds -ess
    Animals lion / lioness Feminine adds -ess
    Fantasy wizard / witch A different word for each
    Legal executor / executrix Feminine adds -ix
    Titles lord / lady A different word for each
    Weddings bridegroom / bride A different word for each

    Gender in English is not a system applied to every noun, as it is in some other languages. Instead it survives in a set of familiar pairs that name people and animals, which is why a table of examples teaches the pattern faster than a grammar rule. The pairing matters most in formal writing, where the wrong form can sound dated.

    How Are Feminine Words Formed?

    The feminine form follows a few clear patterns, and each pattern covers a handful of words. Spotting the pattern explains why some pairs share a stem and others do not.

    Pattern Example How it works
    add -ess actor / actress The stem stays and -ess is added.
    add -ette usher / usherette A small set of jobs use -ette.
    add -ix executor / executrix Mostly legal titles keep -ix.
    change the word father / mother No shared ending links the pair.
    use one word firefighter A single neutral term covers both.
    add -ina czar / czarina A small set of titles use -ina.
    change the vowel man / woman A related form with a different word.

    The suffix -ess is the busiest marker, yet it attaches only to a limited group, so a learner who adds it to every job word soon writes something English never used. When no suffix exists, English either keeps a separate word, as in father and mother, or replaces the pair with one neutral term, as in server. A short sentence in the older style and the same sentence in the neutral style will show the difference more clearly than the rule alone.

    A cartoon child sorts word cards into a masculine pile and a feminine pile on a desk.
    Sorting the pairs shows how many feminine forms add an ending.

    The 100 Examples of Masculine and Feminine Words

    Each row places the masculine word beside the feminine word and names the category. Read down the list, then cover one column and test the other.

    Masculine Feminine Category
    king queen Royalty
    prince princess Royalty
    emperor empress Royalty
    duke duchess Royalty
    count countess Royalty
    sultan sultana Royalty
    lord lady Titles
    sir madam Titles
    father mother Family
    son daughter Family
    brother sister Family
    uncle aunt Family
    nephew niece Family
    grandfather grandmother Family
    grandson granddaughter Family
    husband wife Family
    widower widow Family
    boy girl People
    man woman People
    lad lass People
    guy gal People
    hero heroine People
    actor actress Jobs
    waiter waitress Jobs
    host hostess Jobs
    steward stewardess Jobs
    usher usherette Jobs
    aviator aviatrix Jobs
    executor executrix Legal
    testator testatrix Legal
    wizard witch Fantasy
    monk nun Religion
    priest priestess Religion
    prophet prophetess Religion
    god goddess Religion
    lion lioness Animals
    tiger tigress Animals
    fox vixen Animals
    stag doe Animals
    buck doe Animals
    bull cow Animals
    rooster hen Animals
    stallion mare Animals
    ram ewe Animals
    boar sow Animals
    drake duck Animals
    gander goose Animals
    bridegroom bride Weddings
    fiance fiancee Weddings
    beau belle People

    Masculine and Feminine Words in Modern English

    Attribute Traditional pair Neutral word
    Form Two words, one male, one female One word for everyone
    Example waiter / waitress server
    Example fireman / firewoman firefighter
    Example steward / stewardess flight attendant
    Example policeman / policewoman police officer
    Example chairman / chairwoman chair
    Example caveman / cavewoman cave dweller

    The verdict: keep the traditional pair when a text needs the older style, and choose the neutral word when you want one term that fits every person. Two habits keep the list useful. First, check an older text before deciding a pair is wrong, because the traditional forms may still be correct there. Second, choose the neutral word whenever the writing must address a mixed or unknown audience.

    Word Forms and Grammar of Gendered Nouns

    The pairs behave like ordinary nouns in a sentence, so they take plurals, articles and possessives in the usual way.

    Form Part of speech Example
    king / kings noun, singular and plural One king ruled; two kings met.
    actress / actresses noun, plural in -es The actresses took a bow.
    queen’s possessive noun The queen’s crown shone.
    mother / mothers noun, regular plural Both mothers waved.
    heroine / heroines noun, plural in -s Two heroines shared the prize.
    widow’s possessive noun The widow’s house was quiet.

    Which Form Should You Use?

    Match the word to the setting. This table maps a few situations to a firm choice.

    Situation Better choice Reason
    Reading an old novel actor / actress The text uses the traditional pair.
    Writing a job advert A neutral term One word suits every applicant.
    Talking about animals lion / lioness The pair names the male and female.
    Describing a family father / mother The familiar words stay clear.
    Writing a formal report firefighter A single term avoids a rare suffix.
    Translating an old title duke / duchess The historical pair still fits.
    Addressing a stranger sir or madam The polite titles suit a formal tone.

    Common Mistakes With Gendered Nouns

    Each item gives the wrong form, the corrected form, and the rule behind the fix.

    1. He is a firemaness. Correct: She is a firefighter. Rule: do not invent a suffix that English never used.
    2. She is a woman waiter. Correct: She is a waitress or a server. Rule: choose the traditional feminine form or a neutral word.
    3. The two queen are here. Correct: The two queens are here. Rule: a plural noun takes -s and a plural verb.
    4. My sister is a actor. Correct: My sister is an actor. Rule: use an before a vowel sound.
    5. That is the kings crown. Correct: That is the king’s crown. Rule: possession needs an apostrophe.

    Practice Using Masculine and Feminine Words

    Try each item, then check the answers below.

    1. Fill in the blank: lion pairs with ___.
    2. Choose the better word for a job advert: waitress or server?
    3. Correct the error: She is a actor.
    4. Build a sentence using queen with a possessive.
    5. Spot the pattern: which suffix turns executor into its feminine form?
    6. Fill in the blank: father pairs with ___.

    Answers

    1. lioness — the feminine adds -ess.
    2. Server — one neutral term suits every applicant.
    3. She is an actor. — use an before a vowel sound.
    4. The queen’s speech was short. — possession takes an apostrophe.
    5. -ix — this legal title keeps the old suffix.
    6. mother — the pair uses a different word.
    A cartoon child replaces a gender-specific job card with a neutral one like firefighter.
    Many modern jobs use one neutral word for everybody.

    The Bottom Line

    100 examples of masculine and feminine words reveal that English marks gender in a limited set of nouns rather than across the language. Some pairs add a suffix such as -ess or -ette, while others use a separate word. Modern usage increasingly prefers one neutral term, so match the pair to the setting and avoid inventing a form English never used.

    Frequently asked questions about masculine and feminine words

    How do I make a job word feminine?

    Some jobs take -ess, as in actor to actress, and some take -ette, as in usher to usherette. Many modern jobs instead use one neutral word, so server, firefighter and flight attendant now cover every person without a separate feminine ending.

    Are masculine and feminine words still common?

    Family and royalty pairs remain common, such as father and mother or king and queen. Job pairs are fading, because employers often prefer one neutral term for everyone. Usage now depends on the setting more than on a fixed rule.

    Which animal pairs should I learn?

    The clearest animal pairs include lion and lioness, tiger and tigress, stallion and mare, and ram and ewe. Some animals skip the suffix and use separate words, while others have no distinct feminine form at all, so a dictionary check is worth the moment.

    Can a feminine word be rude?

    A few older feminine forms now sound dated or belittling, especially in job titles where a neutral word exists. The safe habit is to check how a term is used today and to prefer the neutral form when a text must stay current.

    Written & edited by

    Founder & Editor, StartsWithy

    Robin founded StartsWithy in 2022 to make English words easier to understand and use. Robin oversees our 30,000+ guides, checks meanings and grammar against trusted dictionaries such as Cambridge, Oxford Learner’s and Collins, and is accountable for every correction we make.