Fish That Start With L: Names, Facts & Examples

Fish names beginning with L cover very different animals, from jawless lampreys and deep-water lancetfish to freshwater bass and air-breathing lungfish. A common name can refer to a whole group or vary by region, so the scientific name is useful when a precise identification matters. This guide adds that context and flags several inaccurate claims in the directory below.

How to identify fish that start with L

Lists of fish names mix taxonomic levels. “Lungfish” is a group, “lake trout” is a species common name, and “lampfish” may be used for multiple deep-sea fishes. The name alone does not always tell you whether two entries are close relatives. Look for a scientific name, location, and a dependable source before comparing size, habitat, or behavior.

Lampreys: a life cycle with distinct feeding stages

Lampreys are jawless fishes, but it is inaccurate to say that every lamprey is a blood-feeding parasite. In sea lampreys, larvae hatch in freshwater and burrow into stream sediment, where they filter-feed on algae, detritus, and microscopic material. After metamorphosis, parasitic juveniles move into larger waters and attach to fish. Other lamprey species have different feeding strategies, and some adults do not feed at all. The species and life stage therefore matter when describing a lamprey’s diet or effects on fisheries.

The broad statement that lampreys occur worldwide also needs qualification: lamprey species have varied, often regional ranges. “Lamprey” names a lineage, not one globally distributed animal. For example, the invasive sea lamprey population in the Great Lakes has a different ecological context from sea lampreys in their native Atlantic range.

Lingcod, lake trout, and largemouth bass are not interchangeable “large fish”

Lingcod (Ophiodon elongatus) is a marine fish of the northeastern Pacific coast. Despite the word “cod,” it belongs to the greenling family (Hexagrammidae), rather than the true cod family. Its body shape and large mouth suit a bottom-associated predator, but length and weight depend on the individual; the original claim that lingcod routinely exceed two meters and 50 kilograms is not a safe description of typical fish.

Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) is a char in the salmon family, found in cold northern waters. The U.S. Geological Survey gives a reported maximum size of 126 centimeters, far below the original article’s two-meter claim. Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) is another freshwater species, but it belongs to the sunfish family. Although exceptional specimens can approach one meter, that is a record-scale length, not a typical size. These three entries should not share broad size claims without a source and clear units.

“Clown loach” is also a fish name that begins with L, but it is a tropical freshwater loach—not an example of a fish native to China. The phrase “yellowtail lappet-faced Langshan” does not identify a recognized fish name in the references checked and appears to be a corrupted or unrelated phrase, so it should not be presented as a species.

Lancetfish, lampfish, and lizardfish: similar-sounding names, different fishes

Lancetfishes in the genus Alepisaurus are elongated oceanic predators, with a conspicuous high dorsal fin and long teeth. FishBase records the long-snouted lancetfish, Alepisaurus ferox, from marine waters down to 1,830 meters. It is not a viperfish: viperfishes belong to a separate family. The source text’s claims that lancetfish are only 10–30 centimeters long, have retractable fangs, and use bioluminescent camouflage should not be treated as established facts.

“Lampfish” and “lanternfish” are common names used for some small, light-producing deep-sea fishes, including members of family Myctophidae. A hatchetfish is a different fish, so the two should not be combined into one group. The supposed “Mariana watereel” described in the source as a lampfish living more than 10,000 meters down is unsupported; it should not be used as a factual example. Deep-sea range claims need a documented species identification and measurement.

Other L names need context

“Labyrinth fish” is an informal umbrella term commonly used for air-breathing aquarium fishes such as bettas and gouramis. They have a labyrinth organ that allows them to take oxygen from air. Bubble nests are built by males of some species, not by every labyrinth fish, and the term does not describe one species with a single breeding behavior.

“Leaffish” can refer to more than one fish. The South American leaf fish, Monocirrhus polyacanthus, uses its leaf-like outline as camouflage and ambushes small prey; claims that it routinely catches birds should be avoided without strong evidence. Leatherjacket is likewise a regional common name applied to different fishes, often filefishes; diet and defenses vary by species. “Lightfish” and “loweye catfish” should be paired with a scientific name or region before a profile makes specific claims.

Lungfish are notable because they can breathe air, but their biology differs from that of ordinary gill-breathing lake fish. The group includes African, South American, and Australian species. “Lizardfish” is another common name used for multiple related marine fishes, often in family Synodontidae, rather than a single species with one range.

Several other details in the preserved profiles also need species-level sourcing. The stated 55-mile-per-hour speed and bird-catching behavior for ladyfish, the claim that lemon-shark mothers stay with pups and teach them to hunt, the claim that every leatherjacket inflates like a balloon, and sweeping conservation statements do not identify a study, location, or species. Treat those as unverified rather than general traits. The article’s duplicate lake-trout profile also gives conflicting size estimates. For accurate comparisons, use a named species and a primary agency, museum, or taxonomic reference.

Reliable sources for fish names and facts

When a common name has several meanings, confirm the scientific name and consult a species profile or taxonomic database. These references support the identification notes above:

• U.S. Geological Survey, Sea Lamprey species profile and Sea Lamprey life cycle.
• NOAA Fisheries, Lingcod species profile; FishBase, Ophiodon elongatus.
• USGS, Lake Trout species profile; Animal Diversity Web, Largemouth bass profile.
• FishBase, Long-snouted lancetfish; U.S. National Library of Medicine, NCBI Taxonomy: Alepisaurus ferox.
• Florida Museum of Natural History, Lemon Shark profile; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Lemon Shark taxonomy.
• FishBase, Amazon leaffish and lampfish common-name record.

These sources describe particular species and populations; they do not validate every broad statement attached to a shared common name. Use the complete original directory below as a starting point for names, then verify the details for the fish you are researching.

This article is about fishes that begin with the letter “L”. The first fish on the list is the lancefish, which is a small, thin fish that is found in the Atlantic Ocean.

The second fish is the Lancetfish, which is a large, deep-sea fish that is found in the Pacific Ocean. The third fish is the Lamprey, which is a small, eel-like fish that is found in both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

Fishes That Start With The Letter L

There are a wide variety of fishes that start with the letter “L.” Some of the most popular include the largemouth bass, the yellowtail lappet-faced Langshan, and the clown loach. The largemouth bass is a freshwater fish that is popular among anglers. It is known for its large mouth, which can reach up to twice the size of its body. The yellowtail lappet-faced Langshan is a freshwater fish that originates from China.

It gets its name from its yellow tail and the lappet-shaped growths on its head. The clown loach is a freshwater fish that is native to Southeast Asia. It is named for its brightly colored body and unique patterning. These are just a few of the many different types of fishes that start with “L.” With so many to choose from, there is sure to be one that is perfect for your aquarium.

Lamprey

Lampreys are eel-like fishes found in freshwater and coastal waters worldwide. Their mouths are filled with sharp, rasping teeth, and they use these to bore into the flesh of other fishes to feed on their blood. Lampreys are parasitic, and can cause serious damage to commercial fisheries.

Lingcod

Lingcod are large, bottom-dwelling fishes found in the coastal waters of the Pacific Northwest. They are an important food fish, and are also popular with recreational anglers. Lingcod can grow to over 2 metres in length, and can weigh over 50 kg.

Largemouth bass

Largemouth bass are one of the most popular sportfish in North America. They are found in freshwater lakes and rivers, and can grow to over 1 metre in length. Largemouth bass are aggressive predators, and will eat a wide variety of other fishes and animals.

Lake trout

Lake trout are large, cold-water fishes found in lakes and rivers throughout North America. They are an important food fish, and are also popular with recreational anglers. Lake trout can grow to over 2 metres in length, and can weigh over 50 kg.

Labyrinth Fish

Labyrinth fish, named for their intricate bubble nests they build for breeding, are a fascinating group of freshwater fish popular in aquariums. These tropical beauties hail from Southeast Asia and Africa, inhabiting shallow, plant-rich waters like swamps and rice paddies. With over 100 species, labyrinth fish come in a dazzling array of colors and patterns, from the iridescent blue of the paradise fish to the marigold and black stripes of the betta splendens, commonly known as the Siamese fighting fish.

What truly sets labyrinth fish apart is their unique breathing method. Unlike most fish that rely solely on gills, labyrinth fish also possess a special labyrinthine organ, a network of blood vessels located above their gills. This allows them to extract oxygen directly from the air, enabling them to survive in low-oxygen environments where other fish might struggle. Witnessing a labyrinth fish rise to the water’s surface to gulp air is a truly captivating sight!

Fun Fact: Male labyrinth fish are the architects of the bubble nests. They tirelessly blow bubbles, coating them with a sticky saliva to create a maze-like structure. They then lure females into the nest to lay their eggs, fiercely guarding the bubble kingdom until the fry hatch and become free-swimming.

Ladyfish

The ladyfish, a sleek silver torpedo with an elongated upper jaw, is a sight to behold as it slices through the coastal waters of tropical and subtropical regions. These speed demons can reach bursts of up to 55 mph, making them one of the fastest fish in the ocean. Their sharp, needle-like teeth are perfectly adapted for their diet of small fish, which they hunt with ferocious agility.

But the ladyfish isn’t just all about speed. They’re also skilled aerial acrobats, capable of launching themselves out of the water in spectacular leaps. These aerial attacks serve two purposes: catching airborne prey like insects and escaping larger predators. Imagine the surprise of a bird enjoying a leisurely flight, only to be snatched mid-air by a leaping ladyfish!

Conservation Concern: Ladyfish populations have declined in recent years due to overfishing and habitat degradation. Teaching children about these amazing fish and the importance of protecting their coastal habitats can help ensure their future survival.

Lake Trout

Lurking in the depths of cold, clear lakes, the lake trout is a majestic predator of the North American wilderness. These freshwater giants, capable of reaching up to 40 pounds and 3 feet in length, are apex carnivores, ruling the underwater kingdom with their sharp teeth and keen senses. Their camouflage patterns, often featuring a blend of white, gray, and olive, allow them to blend seamlessly into the rocky lake bottoms, patiently waiting for unsuspecting prey to swim by.

Lake trout are not only impressive for their size and strength but also for their adaptability. They thrive in water temperatures as low as 39°F (4°C), surviving harsh winters beneath the ice-covered surface. Their bodies produce a special antifreeze protein that prevents their blood from freezing in these frigid conditions.

Fishing Fun: Lake trout are prized game fish for their powerful fight and delicious flesh. However, due to their slow growth and late maturity, it’s crucial to practice responsible fishing and follow catch-and-release regulations to ensure healthy lake trout populations for future generations.

Lampfish

Lampfish, aptly named for their bioluminescent abilities, are a diverse group of small, deep-sea fish that light up the dark ocean depths. These mesmerizing creatures, found at various depths from 300 to 3,000 meters, possess specialized photophores, light-producing organs, scattered across their bodies. The patterns and colors of these photophores vary greatly among species, from the shimmering stripes of the hatchetfish to the star-like constellations of the lanternfish.

Lampfish use their bioluminescence for a variety of purposes, including communication, attracting prey, and evading predators. Some species flash their lights in rapid sequences to attract mates, while others use them to lure unsuspecting zooplankton into their path. In the perpetual darkness of the deep sea, bioluminescence becomes a vital tool for survival and reproduction.

Did You Know? The deepest-dwelling lampfish ever discovered, the Mariana watereel, lives at a staggering depth of over 10,000 meters in the Mariana Trench! These tiny fish, barely longer than a human finger, produce a faint red glow from their photophores, adapted to the extreme pressure and darkness of their environment.

Lancetfish

Lancetfish, named for their slender, blade-like bodies, are masters of disguise in the open ocean. These sleek predators, typically ranging from 10 to 30 centimeters in length, utilize a combination of camouflage and mimicry to outsmart their prey and avoid becoming prey themselves. Their silvery bodies reflect light, making them virtually invisible against the sunlit surface. Additionally, some species possess bioluminescent markings that mimic the bioluminescent patterns of other deep-sea creatures, potentially luring curious prey closer before striking.

Lancetfish are also equipped with an impressive set of retractable fangs. These needle-like teeth can extend beyond the fish’s mouth, allowing them to capture prey much larger than themselves. Their long, forked tails propel them through the water with lightning speed, making them formidable hunters in the vast expanse of the ocean.

Fun Fact: The viperfish, a type of lancetfish, is known for its incredibly large fangs, some even exceeding the length of its own body! These razor-sharp teeth help the viperfish tear into its prey, which can include fish several times its size.

Leaffish

Leaffish, aptly named for their resemblance to fallen leaves, are masters of camouflage and ambush predation found in the slow-moving rivers and streams of the Amazon rainforest. These fascinating fish, reaching up to 25 centimeters in length, spend their days motionless on the forest floor, perfectly disguised amongst the decaying leaves and debris. Their flattened bodies, mottled coloration, and even leafy appendages on their fins all contribute to their remarkable camouflage.

Leaffish are opportunistic predators, relying on their nearly perfect disguise to lure unsuspecting prey within striking distance. When a small fish or insect ventures too close, the leaffish lunges forward with lightning speed, snapping its prey with its large, powerful jaws. Their diet primarily consists of small fish, shrimp, and worms, but they have been known to even snatch unsuspecting birds that come to drink from the water’s edge.

Conservation Status: Leaffish populations are threatened by habitat loss due to deforestation and pollution in the Amazon rainforest. Teaching children about these unique fish and the importance of protecting their rainforest homes can help ensure their survival for future generations.

Lemon Shark

Sporting a vibrant yellow hue that belies its predatory nature, the lemon shark is a captivating inhabitant of tropical coral reefs around the world. These sleek sharks, typically growing to around 8-10 feet in length, are named for their distinctive yellowish-green coloration, which helps them blend in with the sunlit shallows where they hunt. Unlike most sharks, lemon sharks are primarily diurnal, meaning they are most active during the day.

Despite their bright colors, lemon sharks are skilled ambush predators. They use their keen senses of smell and sight to locate prey, often hiding amongst coral heads or crevices before launching a surprise attack. Their diet consists mainly of small fish, squid, and crustaceans, which they capture with their sharp, serrated teeth. Lemon sharks are not typically aggressive towards humans, but divers should exercise caution and avoid provoking them, especially during feeding times.

Fun Fact: Lemon sharks are ovoviviparous, meaning they hatch their eggs internally and give birth to live young. Litters can range from 4 to 14 pups, and mothers often stay with their offspring for several months after birth, offering protection and teaching them essential hunting skills.

Leatherjacket

Leatherjackets, named for their tough, leathery skin, are a diverse group of fish found in tropical and subtropical marine environments. These unique creatures, characterized by their boxy bodies and rough scales, come in a variety of shapes and sizes, ranging from the small (around 4 inches) orangefin leatherjacket to the giant leatherjacket, which can reach up to 6 feet in length.

Leatherjackets are primarily herbivores, feeding on seaweed, algae, and sponges. Their tough skin and sharp teeth allow them to graze on even the most abrasive growths, while their powerful jaws can crack open the shells of small crustaceans. However, some species are also opportunistic predators, occasionally feeding on small fish and invertebrates.

Did You Know? Leatherjackets possess a unique defense mechanism known as “inflating.” When threatened, they can gulp large amounts of air or water, inflating their bodies like balloons to deter predators. This sudden increase in size can also startle attackers, giving the leatherjacket a chance to escape.

Lightfish

Lightfish, aptly named for their bioluminescent abilities, are a mesmerizing group of deep-sea fish that illuminate the darkness of the ocean depths. These small, slender fish, typically ranging from 3 to 10 inches in length, possess specialized photophores, light-producing organs, scattered across their bodies. The patterns and colors of these photophores vary greatly among species, creating a dazzling light show in the perpetual darkness of the deep sea.

Lightfish use their bioluminescence for a variety of purposes, including communication, attracting prey, and evading predators. Some species flash their lights in rapid sequences to attract mates, while others use them to lure unsuspecting zooplankton into their path. In the vast expanse of the deep sea, bioluminescence becomes a vital tool for survival and reproduction.

Amazing Adaptation: Unlike many deep-sea creatures, some lightfish possess red bioluminescence. Red light penetrates water much further than blue or green light, allowing these fish to communicate and see each other in the depths where sunlight cannot reach.

Loweye Catfish

Loweye catfish, named for their downward-facing eyes, are fascinating bottom dwellers found in freshwater rivers and streams throughout Southeast Asia. These nocturnal scavengers, typically growing to around 15-20 centimeters in length, play a vital role in their ecosystems by cleaning up detritus and organic matter. Their flattened bodies and wide mouths are perfectly adapted for sifting through the mud and sand, searching for hidden morsels.

But what truly sets loweye catfish apart are their extraordinary senses. Despite their small, low-set eyes, they have incredible vision in low-light conditions, allowing them to navigate and hunt effectively in the murky depths. Additionally, their long, whisker-like barbels act as sensory organs, helping them locate food and detect changes in water pressure and flow. These sensitive barbels are so vital that the catfish will retract them into their mouths at the slightest hint of danger, protecting them from potential predators.

Fun Fact: Some species of loweye catfish possess a unique defense mechanism called “skin rolling.” When threatened, they can rapidly contract their muscles, causing their skin to loosen and roll off their bodies. This slimy shed skin can confuse and distract predators, giving the catfish a chance to escape.

Lungfish

Lungfish are living fossils, a testament to the incredible diversity and adaptability of life on Earth. These ancient fish, found in Africa, South America, and Australia, possess a remarkable ability to breathe both air and water, blurring the lines between aquatic and terrestrial life. When oxygen levels in the water are low, lungfish rise to the surface and gulp air into their specially adapted lungs, allowing them to survive in harsh environments where other fish might perish.

Lungfish are fascinating creatures with an array of unusual features. Their bodies are covered in thick, bony scales that resemble armor, protecting them from predators and helping them survive during dry periods when they burrow into the mud and enter a state of estivation, a deep sleep-like state that can last for months. They also have powerful jaws and sharp teeth, enabling them to hunt a variety of small fish, crustaceans, and even insects.

Conservation Concern: Unfortunately, lungfish populations are threatened by habitat loss due to pollution, dam construction, and overfishing. Teaching children about these unique creatures and the importance of protecting their aquatic homes can help ensure their survival for future generations.

Lizardfish

Lizardfish, aptly named for their elongated bodies and prominent jaws, are stealthy predators found in tropical and subtropical coral reefs around the world. These ambush specialists, typically ranging from 10 to 30 centimeters in length, spend their days hidden amongst rocks and crevices, perfectly camouflaged against the backdrop of the reef. Their mottled coloration and even jagged fin extensions mimic algae and coral, making them virtually invisible to unsuspecting prey.

When a small fish or shrimp ventures too close, the lizardfish strikes with lightning speed. Their powerful jaws and sharp, backward-curving teeth can capture prey much larger than themselves. Unlike many ambush predators, lizardfish don’t rely solely on sight. They possess electroreceptors along their bodies, allowing them to sense the electrical fields generated by muscle movement, effectively pinpointing their prey even in low-light conditions.

Did You Know? Some species of lizardfish exhibit bioluminescence, producing a faint blue light from glands located near their mouths. This light is thought to attract prey or serve as a communication tool during mating rituals.

53 Fishes Beginning With L

Labyrinth fish	Ladyfish
Lake chub	Lake trout
Lake whitefish	Lampfish
Lamprey	Lancetfish
Lanternfish	Largemouth bass
Leaffish	Leatherjacket
Lefteye flounder	Lemon shark
Lemon sole	Lemon tetra
Lenok	Leopard danio
Lightfish	Limia
Lined sole	Ling
Ling cod	Lionfish
Livebearer	Lizardfish
Loach	Loach catfish
Loach goby	Loach minnow
Longfin	Longfin dragonfish
Longfin escolar	Longfin smelt
Long-finned char	Long-finned pike
Long-finned sand diver	Longjaw mudsucker
Longneck eel	Longnose chimaera
Longnose dace	Longnose lancetfish
Longnose sucker	Longnose whiptail catfish
Long-whiskered catfish	Loosejaw
Lost River sucker	Louvar
Loweye catfish	Luderick
Luminous hake	Lumpsucker
Lungfish

Conclusion

In conclusion, there are many different types of fish that begin with the letter “L”. Some of these fish are the lau, lahaina, lahontan cutthroat trout, and the lake sturgeon. Each of these fish have different characteristics and live in different types of environments. The lau, for example, is a saltwater fish that is found in the Indo-Pacific region. The lahaina is a freshwater fish that is found in Hawaii. The lahontan cutthroat trout is a freshwater fish that is found in the Lahontan Basin of Nevada. The lake sturgeon is a freshwater fish that is found in the Great Lakes region of North America.

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